Our Environment Online Test 6th Science Lesson 16 Questions in English

Environment is everything which surrounds all the biotic and abiotic factors. Biotic factor includes living things like plants and animals etc. Abiotic factor are nonliving parts like light, air, water and minerals.

Ecosystem is a community of living and non-living things. The types of Ecosystem are Natural and artificial ecosystem.

Artificial ecosystem are created and maintained by human. Aquarium can be a large building or a small tank. It has some of the characteristics of natural ecosystems.

Abiotic components include all the non-living components. The physical factors of abiotic components include light, temperature, Wind, Humidity.

Terrarium is an example of artificial ecosystem. It has all terrestrial animals and plants with controlled conditions as like in their Natural environment.

Producers are organisms which are able to produce their own food. They are also called as Autotrophs.

Consumers are organisms which cannot produce their own food. There are many types of consumers which can be classified based on the food they consume.

Decomposers are Microorganisms which obtain energy from the chemical breakdown of Dead animals. Bacterium and fungi are some examples of decomposers.

A Food chain gives the detail view between the producers and consumers. It describes how organisms get energy by eating other organisms.

Carnivores are animals which eat other animals. Herbivores are animals which eat plants or plant products. Animals which eat both plants and animals are called Omnivores.

Food chain in a terrestrial ecosystem has plants as Producers and Primary Consumer or Herbivores like Deer etc.

The primary energy production for the entre living things in the world is made by plants, where the key process of energy production in plants is caused by Photosynthesis process.

A food chain may contain various consumers. We differentiate the consumers based on their food at various levels. Animals which eat the secondary consumers are Tertiary Consumers and that eat Tertiary consumers are called as Quaternary Consumers.

Organism uses only 90% of its food as their energy for life processes. 10% of the remaining energy will be available to the next animal when it is eaten. This loss of energy at each trophic level can be shown by an Energy pyramid.

In all the available food chains there is a top level predator which has no natural predators. There is no natural predator for alligator in Aquatic ecosystem likewise for a terrestrial ecosystem tiger is a top level predator.

Food chain helps us to understand the feeding relationship and interaction between various organisms. Also we can know about the energy flow and nutrients circulation. The movements of toxic substances and their impacts also inferred by these food chains.

Waste is any substances or material that has been used but it is not wanted anymore. This is either because it is worn out, broken or no longer has any purposes.

Solid wastes can be classified into two major types , Biodegradable or Non-biodegradable waste.

Biodegradable wastes can be decomposed by natural agents like water, Oxygen, UV rays and Microorganisms etc. Metal scraps and metals cannot be decomposed by these natural agents are called as Non-Biodegradable wastes.

Solid waste management is used to reduce create wastes and protects environment. In that 3 R’s are key scheme to protect the environment.

Environment protection is achieved by using three R techniques. Where R stands for Reduce the usage and the second R stands for Reuse and the last R for Recycle.

The process by which waste materials are used to make new products is called Recycling of materials.

The process of degrading organic wastes into manure by microorganism is called as Composting. These are used as natural fertilizers for the plants.

Burning of solid waste in Incinerator is called as incineration. Generally human anatomical wastes like discarded medicines, toxic drugs, Blood and pus are disposed by Incineration process.

Landfilling method wastes are dumped into natural or man-made pits and covered with soil. These garbage buried remains for a long time as they take more time to decompose slowly.

The Solid Waste management (SWM), 2016 say that every household wastes can be segregated into 3 separate streams like bio-degradable waste, non- biodegradable waste and domestic hazardous waste.

Domestic hazardous waste includes paint drums, pesticide cans, CFL bulbs, Tube lights , expired medicines, Used batteries, needles and syringes at household level.

Pollution is the damage caused to the environment because of human activities. Any substance that causes pollution is known as a Pollutant.

Pollution is an unwanted change in the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of land, air and water.

Toxic gases produced by the industries mix up with the rain drops in the atmosphere. these cause acid rain which damages plants and nutrients of soil.

There are four major kinds of pollution which are Air, water, Soil and noise pollution.

The most significant sources of water pollution are Sewage water from Home, Industrial effluents, Agricultural pollutants and Solid wastes dumped into any kind of water bodies.

Chemical pesticides and fertilizers washed away from farms because water pollution and also the excess use of chemicals and fertilizers are major cause of land or soil pollution.

Chemical pesticides and fertilizers washed away from farms because water pollution and also the excess use of chemicals and fertilizers are major cause of land or soil pollution.

Soil pollution affects animals, humans and even plants. Soil acts as a sponge which absorbs all pollutants.

We can reduce the land pollution by not burning any waste materials. The ash from these mixes with soil very easily and this contaminates the nutrients of the soil.

Water pollution is caused by waste from factories, houses and farms mixes with water bodies. This can contaminate the water by making it unfit for human consumption. This can even kill the aquatic animals by polluting the water.

Noise pollution disturbs animals and birds too. Birds have to communicate louder so they can interact with each other in noisy areas.

Land or Soil pollution comes from farming, mining and by factory and industrial wastes.

Solid wastes from land pollution and water wastes from various contaminated water bodies can be recycled and reused for various other purposes. Noise pollution can be controlled and cannot be recycled in any other form.

Agricultural pollutants are caused by chemical pesticides and fertilizers that get washed from farms and also the excess usage of chemicals in contaminating the rich contents of soil.

Pollution occurs when the environment is contaminated by various wastes, chemicals and harmful substances.

The average person in USA produces 2.58kg of wastes every day. In India its about 0.45kg per person every day.

The burning of solid waste in incinerator is called Incineration. Huge amount of heat is produced during incineration and this kills all germs in that wastes. This heat can also be used to produce electricity.

Solid waste management includes various methods to deal with the wastes. The most favorable way is avoid the wastages and the least favorable way is to Landfill the waste as it decomposes very slowly.

Three R techniques is most preferred method in waste management. The first R is Reduce and the second is Reuse and the last one is Recycle.

The wastes which are burnt will leave ashes into the soil some of these will be washed out by the rain water. Some of the rain water never reaches the ground which is collected in the plastic bags and wastes at the dumps.

Consumers have different sources of food in an ecosystem. All the food chains within a ecosystem are interconnected together and results in a Food web.

Materials that cannot be broken by the living organisms are called as Non-Biodegradable wastes. Plastics, Metal scraps and Cans and bottles are some examples of these types of waste.

Organisms which cannot produce their own food eat other organisms as food. These are called Consumers and also Heterotrophs.