Human Settlement Online Test 12th Geography Lesson 2 Questions in English

1. Huacachina oasis is located in which among the following country?

2. Most anthropologists believe that humans first appeared in which among the following area thousands of years ago?

3. Agricultural revolution is also known as _____

4. Where Neolithic revolution occurred first?

5. Which among the following statement is correct
1) The Site of a settlement describes the physical nature of where it is located. Factors such as water supply, building materials, quality of soil, climate, shelter and defence were all considered when settlements were first established. For instance, the site of Sydney, in Australia, initially took advantage of the excellent natural harbour and surrounding fertile farmland.
2) Aspect, seashore and shelter are three of the most important factors that were considered when deciding where to locate a settlement. Aspect relates to the altitude in which the land presents.

6. In the Northern Hemisphere the best slopes to locate on are those that face towards which direction?

7. Which among the following statement is correct
1) Shelter is also very important, particularly from the cold northerly winds and prevailing south westerly winds in the UK. A good example of settlements being sheltered by their natural surroundings are the many spring-line settlements found along the base of the chalk escarpments of the North and South Downs.
2) Water supply is probably the single most important factor in deciding where a settlement might be located. Not only do rivers provide a source of clean drinking water, they also provide a food source through fishing, and a transport route.
3) Most of the world’s largest cities are located on rivers, especially the point at which they reach the sea, as this was often the first point that explorers landed. A dry point site is one that is slightly raised from the surrounding area, meaning that it is less likely to flood. Ely in Cambridgeshire, England, is a good example of dry point site.

8. Which among the following refers to any site that has access to water, usually through being beside a river?

9. Which among the following castle sits on the top of a glacial crag, in an almost perfect position to defend itself, with very little chance for the attackers?

10. Where Maoris built their settlements (called Pa’s) on the top of steep hills to prevent being attacked?

11. Which among the following is example of a meander of the river has formed an area of land bounded by water on three sides?

12. Which among the following statement is correct
1) The idea of resources covers a huge number of different things. For early settlers the most important resources were fuel, building materials and food. Settlements grew in areas where wood was plentiful, stone easily accessible and good soil allowed agriculture to be developed.
2) The coal mines of South Wales, Tin mines of Cornwall and large mining projects at Carajas in Northern Brazil, have all encouraged the rapid growth of settlements aimed at housing the workers and providing them with all that they require.
3) Settlements in South America have grown after the discovery of large deposits of precious metals such as gold. The most famous settlement grew due to finding gold is San Diego, after the gold rush to Texas in 1949.

13. The Route centres are often called _____

14. River Exe is located in which among the following country?

15. The island Ile de la Cite is located in which among the following river?

16. Which among the following country the Blue and the White Nile meet?

17. In India, which among the following city is located at the confluence of River Ganga and Yamuna?

18. Which among the following statement is correct
1) The situation of a settlement is the description of the settlement in relation to the other settlements and physical features around it. The situation of a settlement is the most important in determining whether it grows to become a large city or stays as a small town or village.
2) In the US, Birmingham is an example of a city with excellent situation. It is located central to the country, with excellent links by road to the North and South to Florida. As cities begin to full fill different functions their importance can increase or decrease. Their situation plays an important part in deciding which of these functions will occur.

19. Settlements can broadly be divided into how many types?

20. Which among the following statement is correct
1) The major difference between rural and urban areas is the function. Rural areas have predominantly primary activities such as agriculture, whereas urban areas have domination of secondary and tertiary activities such as manufacturing industries and service sectors. Generally, the rural areas have low density of population than urban areas.
2) Urban settlements are defined by their advanced civic amenities, opportunities for education, and facilities for transport, business and social interaction and overall better standard of living whereas rural areas lack of such amenities. Rural areas do not have pollution or traffic problems that beset regular urban areas.
3) In the urban society there was very little scope for occupational mobility. In rural there are many occupations, so occupational mobility is frequent. Urban people are less mobile and therefore the social relations among them are intimate. In rural areas, the way of life is complex and fast, hence, the social relations are formal.

21. The settlement in which houses are constructed along a road, railway line, river, canal edge of a valley, or along a levee is known as _____

22. Which among the following settlement are found around lakes, tanks, or a planned village?

23. The settlement, in which houses are constructed along the straight road and further bifurcated into two roads, is known as _______

24. Which among the following statement is correct
1) In Compact or Nucleated Settlements, the houses are built very close to each other. Their market and some other activities are centralized where they participate together.
2) In Dispersed Settlements, houses are spaced far apart and often interspersed with fields. Normally, fertile plain regions have such compact or nucleated settlements.

25. The census of India, 1991 defines urban settlements should have minimum population of what?

26. In which city the first urban settlement reached a population of one million around A.D. 1810?

27. Which among the following is not the designation of Urban centres depending on the size and the services available and functions rendered?

28. The term conurbation was coined by whom in 1915?

29. Which among the following Indian City is the examples of Conurbation Cities?

30. Urban area with population more than 10 million is known as ____

31. This Greek word “Megalopolis” meaning “great city”, was popularized by whom in 1957?

32. Urban area with Population more than 5000 people is known as _____

33. Which among the following city reaches million population in 1850 after London?

34. Which among the following is regarded as leading town?

35. Which is a group of houses surrounding an enclosure for livestock, or the social unit that inhabits these structures?

36. Which among the following is the fastest growing city in Tamil Nadu according to recent revelation of the study conducted by Oxford Economics?

37. Tiruppur is located on the bank of which river?

38. Which among the following city is not marked as fastest growing city by the recent revelation of the study conducted by Oxford Economics?

39. Which among the following statement is correct regarding Town?
1) In 2001, places were designated as urban or towns on the principles that all places with Municipality, Corporation, Cantonment Board, Sanitary Board, Notified Area Committee etc. A minimum population of 5,000.
2) At least 75 per cent of the male working population being engaged in nonagricultural (and allied) activity. A density of population of at least 400 persons per square kilometer (or one thousand persons per square mile).

40. Which among the following statement is correct
1) As per census 1991, it was decided that the core town or at least two of the constituent towns of an urban agglomeration should necessarily be a statutory town and the total population of all the constituents should not be less than 30,000 (as per 2001 census).
2) Urban agglomeration is a continuous urban spread constituting a town and its adjoining urban outgrowths (OGs), or two or more physical contiguous towns together and any adjoining urban outgrowths of such towns.
3) Examples of Outgrowth are railway colonies, university campuses, port area, military camps etc. that may have come up near a statutory town or city but within the revenue limits of a village or villages contiguous to the town or city.

41. Which among the following are the possible different situations in which urban agglomerations could be constituted?

42. Which among the following statement is incorrect regarding 1971 census essentials of a Standard Urban Area?
1) Urban area should have a core town of a minimum population size of 50,000. The contiguous areas made up of other urban as well as rural administrative units should have close mutual socioeconomic links with the core town.
2) The probabilities are that this entire area will get fully urbanized in a period of one decade. The idea is that it should be possible to provide comparable data for a definite area of urbanization continuously for one decade which would give a meaningful picture.

43. Which among the following statement is correct
1) The town groups were made up of independent urban units not necessarily contiguous to one another but were to some extent inter-dependent. The data for such town groups became incomparable from census to census as the boundaries of the towns themselves changed and the intermediate areas were left out of account.
2) This concept came for criticism at one of the symposiums of the International Geographic Union in 1968 and the concept of Standard Urban Area came to be developed for adoption at the 1971 Census. If data for this Standard Area were to be made available in the next two or three successive censuses, it is likely to yield much more meaningful picture to study urbanisation around large urban nuclei.

44. Which is a single city encompassing the whole world that is held to be a possibility of the future?

45. Which among the following is not the basis for classification of urban settlement?

46. Which among the statement is correct
1) Population size – In India the size of population, density of 400 persons per sq km and share of non-agricultural workers are taken into consideration.
2) Occupational structure – In India if more than 50 per cent of its economically productive population is engaged in non-agricultural pursuits.
3) Administration Setup – For example, in India, a settlement of any size is classified as urban, if it has a municipality, Cantonment Board or Notified Area Council.

47. Which among the following is not the classification of town depending upon the functionality of the urban settlement?

48. Which among the following is the Industrial towns?

49. Which among the following is not the Cultural towns?

50. Which among the following is the example of administrative towns?

51. Which among the following is the example of trading and commercial towns?

52. Which among the following is the example of recreational towns?

53. The Concentric zone theory was given by whom in 1925?

54. Which among the following statement is correct regarding the concentric zone theory
1) Zone A: The central business district (C.B.D) is the heart of the urban community where the commercial, social and civic activities are concentrated. The heart of the C.B.D. or the downtown core has warehouses and light industry, while outside this core are office buildings, departmental stores, theatres, hotels, banks and civic government buildings.
2) Zone B: The transition zone next to the C.B.D is the transition zone where the central business activities and factories mix and invade an area of aging residential dwellings. This is also the zone of residential decay where the new migrants come and live because the rents are low and transportation costs to the workplace are minimal. Thus, these are the sites of urban slums.

55. Which among the following statement is correct regarding the concentric zone theory
1) Zone C: The zone of independent working men’s home is the next concentric zone has middle- and upper-class residences which are approximately 15 to 20 minutes by public transport from zone 1.
2) Zone D: The zone of better residence is inhabited by the blue-collar workers who are generally the second-generation migrants. These people have the capacity to own their individual houses away from the C.B.D., but still live within easy access of their workplace. Here, the family groups are more stable and crime rates are lower
3) Zone E: The commuter zone encircles the city and lies beyond the continuous built-up areas. Much of this zone is still an open space and is often located beyond the city limits. Here, small villages, surrounded by open country, gradually become suburbs. Since people in this zone work in the C.B.D., the commuter zone is located within one hour’s travelling time from the centre of the city.

56. Which refers to the population shift from rural to urban residency, the gradual increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas and the ways in which each society adapts to this change?

57. Which among the following statement is incorrect
1) Urbanisation is predominantly the process by which towns and cities are formed and become larger as more people begin living and working in central areas. Although the two concepts are sometimes used interchangeably, urbanization should be distinguished from urban growth.
2) Urbanization is “the proportion of the total national population living in areas classed as urban,” while urban growth refers to “the absolute number of people living in areas classed as urban”. The World Bank projected that half of the world’s population would live in urban areas at the end of 2020. It is predicted that by 2040 about 64% of the developing world and 86% of the developed world will be urbanized.
3) That is equivalent to approximately 3 billion urbanites by 2050, much of which will occur in Africa and Asia. Notably, the United Nations has also recently projected that nearly all global population growth from 2017 to 2030 will be absorbed by cities, about 1.1 billion new urbanites over the next 13 years.

58. Which among the following statement is correct
1) Urbanisation in India began to accelerate after independence, due to the country’s adoption of a mixed economy, which gave rise to the development of the private sector. Urbanisation is taking place at a faster rate in India.
2) Population residing in urban areas in India, according to 1901 census, was 11.4%.This count increased to 28.53% according to 2001 census, and crossing 30% as per 2011 census, standing at 31.16%. According to a survey by UN State of the World Population report in 2007, by 2030, 40.76% of country’s population is expected to reside in urban areas.
3) As per United Nations, India, along with China, Indonesia, Nigeria, and the United States, will lead the world’s urban population surge by 2050. Witnessing the fastest rate of urbanisation in the world, as per 2011 census, Mumbai’s population rises by 4.1%, Delhi’s by 3.1% and Chennai’s by 2% as per 2011 census compared to 2001 census.

59. Which among the following city saw large scale rural-urban migration in the 20th century?

60. Which is an area of transition between well recognized urban land uses and the area devoted to agriculture?

61. Which among the following describes the expansion of human populations away from central urban areas into low density, monofunctional and usually car dependent communities?

62. In Continental Europe which term is often used to denote Urban sprawl or suburban sprawl, although the term urban sprawl is currently being used by the European Environment Agency?

63. Which among the following factors is correct regarding causes of Urban Sprawl
1) Lower cost land and houses in the outer suburbs of the cities, because the centres of urban development have really made people want to stop settling in these areas and want to venture further out.
2) There are also increases in standards of living and average family incomes, which means that people have the ability to pay more to travel and commute longer distances to work and back home.
3) People love to find areas that are less trafficked and calmer, which leads them to sprawl out to other sections of the town. Unprecedented development, cutting of trees, loss of green cover, long traffic jams and poor infrastructure force the people to move out to new areas.

64. Which among the following factors is correct regarding causes of Urban Sprawl
1) Cities will usually have high property taxes, and you can usually avoid these taxes by living in the outer suburbs because the taxes are usually lower than they are in other situations.
2) Another factor that contributes towards urban sprawl is rise in population growth. As number of people in a city grows beyond capacity, the local communities continue to spread farther and farther from city centres.
3) People in high income groups have stronger preferences toward larger homes, more bedrooms, bigger balconies and bigger lawns. So low income groups cause urban sprawl as high-income people preferred in crowded cities. High income People generally look out for high-density residential areas where they can get home according to their preference.

65. Which among the following country has the largest urban population?

66. What is the position of India among the largest urban population in the world?

67. Which among the following statement is incorrect
1) The growing population demands more space which is not easily available because of physical and geographical constraints. The scarcity of space leads to high price of land and high rents for offices and residential accommodations. Since people cannot afford high rents, it is the main cause of unwanted growth of slums.
2) According to one estimate, there is an annual increase of about two million houses in Indian cities. This has increased the chance of low-income group people to eradicate slums or occupy footpaths and road pavements. The number of such slums and pavement dwellers is decreasing in the metropolitan cities of India.

68. Which among the following statement is correct
1) In most of the cities of India, there is growth and not urbanisation. In fact, the number of people is increasing in the cities while the infrastructural facilities and civic amenities are quite inadequate. With greater concentration of people in urban places, the social amenities like housing, electricity, drinking water, transport, sanitation, playgrounds, and recreational facilities are quite under great stress.
2) Unemployment is not the state of being involuntarily out of work. In India, the rate of urban unemployment which is more than 10 per cent annually is increasing progressively. According to one estimate, about 35 per cent of the workers in the urban centres are unemployed. The high rate of unemployment and underemployment often leads to high rate of crime.
3) Transport bottlenecks and traffic congestion are the major problems of most of the Indian cities. The larger a town grows the more important its functions become. The workers and commuters need more transport facilities. Unfortunately, the roads in most of the cities, especially in the old towns (down-towns) are narrow which cannot cope with the growing pressure of passengers, travellers, and commuters.

69. Which among the following city has the highest average per capita consumption of water in India?

70. The National Capital (New Delhi) also regulates water supply to only about how many hours a day?

71. Which among the following statement is correct
1) The shortage of energy reduces the industrial production of goods and their distribution. In fact, energy depends on the industrial growth, efficiency of the transport and human comfort. The peak power demand in the metropolises, million and class one cities is increasing day by day and power situation is not geared to meet it.
2) Environmental pollution is the other serious problem of all the million and mega-cities. It is not only air-pollution caused by smoke emitted from vehicles, factories and houses; water and noise pollutions are equally serious. The scarcity of dumping grounds makes the rural urban fringe unhygienic and less conducive for human health.
3) The problem of garbage disposal (hazardous plastics, metal and package) is thus quite less in most of the Indian cities and urban places. Fortunately, most of the garbage is dumped into the dumping yard build by government. The cities like Mumbai, Kolkata, and Chennai continue to discharge a major part of their garbage into the dump yard

72. According to sociologists, which is the main cause of crimes in urban areas?