Natural Hazards – Understanding of Disaster Management in Practice Online Test 7th Social Science

Natural hazards are natural phenomenon that might have negative impact on human or the environment. Natural hazards are classified into two broad categories: Geophysical and biological.

Hazards are termed as Disasters when they cause widespread destruction of property and human lives.

Hurricane is a natural hazard. It develops at sea. When it reaches land and destroys buildings and kills people, it can be described as a disaster.

A sudden movement (or) trembling of the earth crust is called as earthquake. The movement of the tectonic plates, mass wasting, landslides, surface fault, etc., causes earthquake.

Due to a strong earthquake, loss of lives, buildings, roads, bridges and dams are damaged. Earthquake cause floods, tsunamis, landslides, fires, breakdown of water supply and electrical lines. It may change the course of a river too.

On 2nd to 3rd May 2018 a high velocity dust storms swept across the parts of North India and more than 125 people died and over 200 were injured. In Uttar Pradesh 43 died in the city of Agra and about 30 died other parts of the state. In neighbourhood of Rajasthan state 35 people died and over 200 were injured. The wind downed more than 8000 electricity posts and uprooted hundreds of trees.

After 2004 tsunami, cyclone Gaja is the worst natural disaster to hit Tamilnadu. It left a trail of destruction in several coastal districts and took a toll on agriculture to a serious extent.

When earthquake jolts the ocean floor, the sudden dislocation of the sea bed occurs and the resulting displacement of water can produce one or more huge, destructive waves, known collectively as a Tsunami. The sea waves rise to several meters and may reach the coast within a few minutes.

The word “Tsunami” is derived from the Japanese word. “Tsu” means harbour and “nami” means waves.

The word “Tsunami” is derived from the Japanese word. “Tsu” means harbour and “nami” means waves.

Sudden overflow of water(flood) in a large amount caused due to heavy rainfall, cyclone, melting of snow, Tsunami or a dam burst.

A low-pressure area which is encircled by high pressure wind is called a cyclone.

The main effects of tropical cyclone include heavy rain, strong wind, large storm surges near landfall and tornadoes.

"Severe cyclonic storm Gaja crossed the coasts of Tamilnadu and Puducherry around Vedaranyam and Nagapattinam in the early hours of November 10, 2018 Friday with wind speed gusting of around 120 (Kmph)" reported the Indian Meteorological Department.

The term stampede is a sudden rush of a crowd of people, usually resulting in injuries and death from suffocation and trampling. It is believed that most major crowd disasters can be prevented by simple crowd management strategies. Human stampedes can be prevented by organization and traffic control, such as barriers, following queues and by avoiding mass gathering.

The six disaster management phases that have been used in the concept of disaster cycle are as follows Prevention and Mitigation, Preparedness, Early Warning, The Disaster Impact.

Response refers to the first stage action of any calamity, which include setting up control rooms, putting the contingency plan in action, issue warning, action for evacuation, taking people to safer areas, rendering medical aid to the needy etc.,

The Post- Disaster Phase includes Recovery, Rehabilitation, Reconstruction, Development.

Department of Science and Technology (DST) Department of Space (DOS) and CSIR Laboratories have set up early warning system for tsunami and storm surges in the Indian Ocean.

National Disaster Management Authority, abbreviated as NDMA, is an agency of the Ministry of Home Affairs whose primary purpose is to coordinate response to natural or man-made disasters and for capacity-building in disaster resiliency and crisis response.

NDMA was established through the Disaster Management Act enacted by the Government of India on 23rd December 2005.

The National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) is a specialized force constituted for the purpose of specialist response to a threatening disaster situation or disaster under the Disaster Management Act, 2005.

The National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) is a specialized force constituted for the purpose of specialist response to a threatening disaster situation or disaster under the Disaster Management Act, 2005.

National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM) is a premier institute for training and capacity development programs for managing natural disasters in India, on a national as well as regional basis.

Tamil Nadu State Disaster Management Authority (TNSDMA)is responsible for all measures for mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery are undertaken under the guidance and supervision of the Authority.

Tamil Nadu State Disaster Response Force (SDRF) has been constituted with a strength of 80 Police Personnel. They have been trained in disaster management and rescue operations in consultation with National Disaster Response Force (NDRF).

District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA) is responsible for Disaster Management at district level.

State Disaster Management plan – The perspective plan – 2018 -2030 prepared by the Revenue and Disaster Management Department.

State Disaster Management plan – The perspective plan – 2018 -2030 prepared by the Revenue and Disaster Management Department. Hot line between Indian Meteorological Department and the State Emergency Operation Centre is established and mitigation in the District is done through telephone, fax and IP phones also available which connect the State with District Head Quarters, Taluks and Blocks of the State. Wireless radio network with both high frequency and very high frequency are also available in the State.