Industries Online Test 8th Social Science Lesson 20 Questions in English

Industry is a process by which the raw materials are changed into finished products.

The economic strength of a country is always measured by the development of manufacturing industries. Therefore, any country in the world is basically depends on the effective growth of industries for its economic development.

Any action that involves in the production, distribution, consumption or services is an economic activity.

There are three major and fundamental economic activities Primary Economic Activities 2) Secondary Economic Activities Tertiary Economic Activities

Secondary economic activity: Secondary activities are those that change raw materials into usable products through processing and manufacturing. Factories that change metals and plastics into vehicles are examples of secondary activities.

Primary economic activity: Th ese are the economic activities which have been originated in the very beginning. It includes the activities such as, forestry, grazing, hunting, food gathering, fi shing, agriculture, mining, and quarrying.

Many raw materials are not fit for human consumption. This transformation of commodities from one form to another form is the essence of manufacturing industry or the secondary group of economic activities.

Tertiary economic activities are those that provide essential services and support the industries to function. Often it is called service industries, this level includes the transportation, finance, education, retail, housing, medical and other services.

Tertiary activity is further sub divided into Quaternary and Quinary activities.

Quinary economic activity: Quinary economic activities refer to the high-level decision making, processed by executives in industries, business, education, and government.

Quaternary activities are associated with the creation and transfer of information, including research and training. Often called information industries, this level has been dramatic growth as a result of advancements in technology and electronic display and transmission of information.

Services sector is the one of the largest sectors of India. Currently this sector is the backbone of the Indian economy.

We watch television. The programs are telecasted from television stations. It is an example of quaternary activity.

Industrial locations are complex in nature. They are influenced by the availability of many factors. Some of them are: Raw Materials, Land, Water, Labour, Capital, Power, Transport, and Market.

The locational factors of industries are grouped into: Geographical factors and Non-Geographical factors.

Steel Plant in Salem is located near Kanjamalai, where iron ore is available.

Raw Material: Bulky goods and weight losing materials cannot be transported for long distances. Therefore, industries like iron and steel are located near the place of availability of iron ore. Power: Power is base and essential to run the entire industry. Power is mostly generated from the conventional sources like coal, mineral oil, and water.

Capital or huge investment is needed for the establishment of industries without which no industry can be established.

Non-Geographical Factors are 1. Capital 2. Availability of loans 3. Government policies/Regulations.

Labour: Availability of cheap and skilled labour is another important requirement for labour intensive industries Topography: The site that is selected for the establishment of an industry must be flat. So, it can be well served by different modes of transport.

Agro Based Industries: These industries use plant and Animal based products as their raw materials.

Mineral Based Industries: These are the industries that use mineral ores as their raw materials. Iron made from iron ore is the product of mineral based industry.

Transport: It is needed for transporting raw materials to the industries and also for sending the finished products to the market. Availability of easy transportation always influences the location of an industry Storage and Warehousing: The finished goods should reach the market at the end of the process of manufacturing. Hence, such finished products should be stored at suitable storage or warehouse till the goods are taken to the market.

Cement, Machine Tools, etc. are the other examples of mineral based industries. Food Processing, Vegetable Oil, Cotton Textile, Dairy Products, etc are the examples of Agro based industries

Forest Based Industries: These industries use forest products as their raw materials. Example: Pulp & Paper, Furniture and Some Pharmaceuticals industries, etc.

Climate of the area selected for an industry is also one of the important factors of location of industries. Extreme climate condition is not suitable for the successful industrial growth. Moreover, there are certain industries which require a specific climate. Example: Cool- humid climate is ideal for cotton textile industry.

Small Scale Industries: The capital required for the establishment of an industry is less than one crore, the industry is called as Small-scale industry. Silk weaving and household industries belong to this category.

Large Scale Industries: The capital required for the establishment of an industry is more than one crore the industry is called as large-scale industry. Iron & steel, Oil refineries, Cement and Textile industries are the best examples for large scale industries.

Detroit city in Michigan State, USA is known as the world’s traditional automotive centre.

In India Chennai is known as ‘Detroit of India’. It has the World’s Famous automobile industries such as GM, Ford, Hyundai and Mahindra.

Chennai accounts for 60% of the country’s automotive exports. It has the World’s famous automobile industries such as GM, Ford, Hyundai and Mahindra.

Water Resources: Availability of water is another important factor that influences the industrial location. Many industries are established near rivers, canals, and lakes for this reason. Iron and steel industries, textile industries and chemical industries require plenty of water, for their proper functioning.

The cottage or household industries are also a type of small-scale industry where the products are manufactured by hand, by the artisans with the help of family members. These industries are also classified and grouped as miscellaneous categories. Example: Basket weaving, Pot Making, handicrafts etc.

On the basis of ownership industries are classified into four types. 1.Public sector industries 2. Private Sector industries 3. Joint Sector industries 4. Co-operative sector industries

Private Sector Industries: These types of industries are owned and operated by individuals or a group of individuals. Example: Bajaj Auto, Reliance, etc.

Co-operative Sector Industries: Industries of this kind are owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials or workers or both.

Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd (BHEL), Steel Authority of India Ltd (SAIL) are the examples of Public sector industries.

Anand Milk Union Limited (AMUL) is the best example of the Co-operative sector industries.

Indian Oil Sky Tanking Ltd, Indian Synthetic Rubber Ltd, Mahanagar Gas Ltd, Maruti Udyog etc., are the best example of joint sector industries.

Joint Sector Industries: These types of industries are owned and operated jointly by the Government and Individuals or a Group of Individuals.

Government policies are another important factor that influences industrial location. The government sets certain restriction in the allocation of land for industries in order to reduce regional disparities, to control excessive pollution and to avoid the excessive clustering of industries in big cities.

Iron & steel, Oil refineries, Cement and Textile industries are the best examples for large scale industries.

Marine Based Industries: These industries use products from the sea and oceans as raw materials. Example; Processed Sea Food, Fish Oil manufacturing units etc.

Public Sector Industries: These types of industries are owned and operated by the Government.