Understanding Development: Perspectives, Measurement And Sustainability Online Test 9th Social Science Lesson 7 Questions

Development is the word which is used worldwide. It refers to the progress of a particular field of a particular person.

The Economic Development is the progress of a country is known as Economic Development. However, the interpretation of the concept of development keeps on changing from time to time, from person to person and its meaning gets extended further.

The Great ideas about the country’s progress help a lot in its Development. If the thinking turns into progress and about the ways to achieve many goals for progress, it leads to development.

Development refers to the improvement in Quality of life such as Higher Income, Better Education, better Health and nutrition, less poverty and more equal opportunity.

The term Economic development refers to overall growth of all sectors of the economy by adoption of new technologies. This improves the standard of the normal people as well as the status of the country.

The major Indicators to measure the level of economic development are Net National Product (NNP), Per Capita Income (PCI), Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) and Human Development Index (HDI).

India has become the fifth largest economy in the year 2019, overtaking the United Kingdom and France. The Country ranks third when GDP is compared in terms of Purchasing Power Parity at $11.33 trillion.

The Final value of total goods and services produced within the geographic boundaries of a country during a specified period of time, normally a year is known as Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

The Net National Product (NNP) is considered as a true measure of national output. It is also known as National Income.

A rise in per capita income means an increase in aggregate real output. Hence, this is a better indicator than national income for measuring development.

The group of eight G8 refers to the group of eight industrialized nations- France, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom, Japan, The United States of America, Canada and Russia.

The NITI Aayog is a policy think tank of the government of India established with the aim to achieve Sustainable Development goals to enhance Cooperative federalism with the involvement of state governments of India in the economic policy making process.

SAARC is an organization of South Asian Nations. The Headquarters are located in Kathmandu, Nepal. It was established on 8th December 1985.

The BRICS summit 2019 theme is Economic growth for an innovative future. The five BRICS countries account for almost 50% of the World's economic growth.

To Measure the country's development, its income is considered to be one of the most important factors. Countries with higher income are considered to be more developed than those with lesser income.

For comparing the development of various countries, total income is not a useful measure. Since countries have different populations, comparing total income will not be suggestive of what an average person is likely to earn.

The Average Income of a country is calculated by dividing the country's total income by its total population.

Calculations on the per capita income of all countries are calculated only in the US dollar in order to compare International level.

The technique of purchasing power parity allows us to estimate what exchange between two currencies is needed to express the accurate purchasing power of the two respective countries.

China is the largest economic country in the world in terms of the Purchasing power parity.

Human resource is necessary for the progress of any country. The term Human resources refer the collective abilities of people, which can be utilized in the production sector.

The Ministry of Human Resource Development is responsible for the development of human resources in India. It was formerly known as Ministry of Education until 25th September 1985.

The Annual HDI 2019 report released on December 2019, ranked India at the 129th position on 2019's HDI out of a total 189 countries.

At present, the lowest sex ratio in India is in Haryana where sex ratio is only 879 as per the census 2011 in India.

In the past, economist believed that the rate of economic growth of nations can be increased only by increasing investment in physical capital. But they have realized over time that investment in human capital is as important as investment in physical capital.

The Natural resources can be divided into renewable and Non-renewable resources. This classification is taken into account for the sustainable development.

Non-renewable resources get exhausted after certain number of years of extracting and using them and they cannot be replenished.

Renewable resources take a short time for renewal. Example; Solar energy, wind energy, water, Wood.

To achieve real sustainability, we need to balance economic, social and environmental sustainability in equal harmony.

India depends on thermal and hydro power plants to meet its power needs.

Non-renewable resources pollute and damage the environment. Millions of years are needed for the formation of these resources. Examples: Metals, Glass, Fossil fuels

Solar power is the conversion of energy from sunlight into Electricity. It absorbs the sunlight as a source of energy.

A solar electric system can reliably produce electricity for our home and offices. These distributed solar systems are often installed by home and business owners to reduce their electricity costs.

India faces challenges in economic development, which has to be achieved with limited resources, minimum externalities and in the presence of an uncertain climate. These challenges can be overcome by sustainable development.

The supreme court of India has interpreted and introduced new changes in environmental protection through a series of directions and Judgments.

Environmental policies in India have been evolved considerably over the past three decades. These policies have covered a wide range of issues such as air, water pollution, waste management and biodiversity conservations.

The Forest Act, 1980 provided for the conservation of forests and encouraging the afforestation of any Non-forest areas in the whole of India.

Tamil Nadu is one of the states that achieving rapid progress over a relatively short period, though it started from appalling levels of poverty, deprivation and inequality.

Tamil Nadu is the pioneer in introducing mid-day meal programs in India to increase the number of kids coming to the school. This was introduced by Thiru K. Kamaraj the chief Minister of Tamil Nadu in the year 1962-63 introduced in Chennai first.

The development of individual states includes an important aspect of the active social policies in Health care, Social security and Public amenities. The states have followed universalistic principles in the provision of essential public services.

The Efforts take for the development of states have been greatly facilitated by a functioning and comparatively efficient administration. These delivered their services in traditional lines of Schools, health centers and Gram Panchayat and co-operatives have involved private initiatives at a later stage of development.

Social inequality has also been an important part in economic development of the individual state governments. In Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Himachal Pradesh, principles of equal citizenship were forged through sustained social reform movements.

The rapid social growth is not just a reflection of constructive social policies but also the active involvement of people in these democratic policies. The social movements that fought against these traditional inequalities also contributed for this in a great manner.

Tamil Nadu has some of the highest Per capita Income and the Lowest Poverty rates among all the states in India.

Telangana currently has 1300 MW installed capacity of solar power and will become highest solar power generation in India by year 2019.

Sustainability of development is taken to mean development without damaging the environment and not compromising the needs of the future generation. These consequences do not respect national or state boundaries.