Social transformation in Tamil Nadu Online Test 10th Social Science Questions in English

Explanation

During the 19th and 20th centuries great leaders like V.O.C, Subramaniya Bharathi, Bala Gangadhar Tilak, Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, Rajaji were actively involved in freedom struggle. Some of the great leaders of Tamil Nadu not only fought for political freedomut also for social freeom. Political freedom has no meaning when people are denied social justice, self-respect and dignity.

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The Justice party’s rule in the Madras presidency constitutes an important chapter in the history of south India.

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The justice party represented the non-Brahmin movement and engineered a social revolution against the domination of Brahmins in the sphere of public services and education.

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The justice party officially known as South Indian liberal federation was a political party in the madras presidency of British India. 

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In 1916, Justice party was established by T.M. Nair and Thiyagaraya Chetty. During its early years, the party involved in petitioning to the imperial administrative bodies demanding more representation for non-Brahmins in administration.

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Justice party published ‘Draidan’ in Tamil, ‘Andhra Prakasika’ in Tamil and ‘Justice’ in English.  Hence it came to be called as Justice party.

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In the election 1920, when the Justice party secured a majority and Subbarayalu Reddiar formed the ministry.

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In 1923 election Justice party again won election and formed the ministry. In the election of 1926, the swarajya party got success but refused to form the ministry.

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With the support of swarajya party, A. Subbrayalu an independent candidate constituted the government. 

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In 1930 election again the Justice party won and B. Munisamy Naidu formed the ministry. In 1932 he was replaced by Raja of Bobhili. 

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In 1934 elections congress party won but refuse to constitute the ministry. So again, the justice party formed ministry.

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In 1937 election the Justice party failed miserably and never recovered from the defeat.

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After Justice party defeat, the party came under the leadership of Periyar E.V. Ramasamy and his self-respect movement. 

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In 1944 at salem conference, periyar transformed the justice party into a social organization called Dravidar Kazhagam and withdrew it from the electoral politics.

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In 1925 Andhra university and in 1929 Annamalai university were opened. For the benefits of all communities, college committees were created to regulate the higher education.

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The women were granted the right to vote in 1921, abolished Devadasi system, prevented immoral traffic of women and passed industries act.

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By introducing mid-day meal schemes at Thousand lights who strengthen the school.

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To regulate temple accounts, Temple committees were created. In 1926 the Hindu Religious Endowment bill was passed.

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To avoid Nepotism, Favoritism and other influence in the process of selection, justice party government created a staff selection board in 1924 and it become the public service commission in 1929.

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In the election of 1937, Justice party failed miserably and the congress party constituted the ministry under Rajagopalachari. The Justice party never recovered from its defeat.

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E.V. Ramasamy periyar was the greatest social reformer of Tamil Nadu. He was the first leader, the country ever seen to inculcate self-respect, rationalism, women liberation and social equality in the minds of people.

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E.V. Ramasamy was born on September 17, 1879 in Erode in a very rich Hindu family. He got married at 13th year and renounced his life in 19th year. 

Explanation

By wearing saintly dress, E. V. Ramasamy went to many holy places. He went to kasi where he noticed that the brahmins ill-treated the non-Brahmins. He condemned it and returned to Tamil Nadu. He joined the congress in 1919 to realize his ideas.

Explanation

V. Ramasamy was elected as the secretary of madras state congress committee in 1921 and its president in 1923.

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Periyar E. V. Ramasamy joined the non-cooperative movement. He led the famous Vaikam Sathya graha in 1924, where the people of downtrodden community were prohibited to enter into the temple.

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Periyar visited a school on gurukulam style run at sheramandevi out of congress funds. He noticed the segregation of non-brahmins students from brahmin students by providing drinking water and food in separate places. He protests against this anti-social practice and resigned the secretaryship of madras state congress.

Explanation

Periyar moved a resolution for reservation in government service for non-brahmins in the state congress conference held at Kanchipuram. But this was not allowed. So periyar left the conference and started self-respect movement in 1925 to spread his ideas and politics.

Explanataion

Periyar spread self-respect principle through kudiarasu, Puratchi, Viduthalai. He also published some book agaist social evils. Periyar criticized the meaningless ideas, superstition beliefs and unbelievable puranic stories in public meeting.

Explanation

Periyar visited many European countries and studied their way of life. He realized that poverty was the cause for the social evils. After his return, he propagated 14 points of the socialist manifesto. The justice party accepted the same and tried to propagate it.

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V. Ramasamy was given the title of ‘Periyar’ by lady’s conference held at Madras.

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Periyar encouraged Tamil script reform and suggest to adopt roman script to ensure easy learning. In order to check the growing population and to keep good health he suggested the family planning.

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At Salem conference of 1944, the name of the Justice party was changed as ‘Dravidar Kazhagam’.

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N. Annadurai, who was affectionally called as “Peraringar Anna” by the people of Tamil Nadu.

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Anna was born on 15th September, 1909 at Kancheepuram.

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Anna had his M.A., in the pachaiyappa’s college, madras. 

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Anna was the founder of “Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam”.

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Anna was a good orator. He was recognized as one of the foremost speakers of those days. When Anna joined the Justice party, he had the privilege of working under the leadership of periyar E. V. Ramasamy.

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In the anti-Hindi conference held by periyar at Kancheepuram Anna quoted that Hindi could never take the place of Tamil and make any road in well settled Tamil Culture.

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The marriage of periyar with maniammai in 1947 gave severe blow to party men. A new party called Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam was formed on 17th September 1949. Anna explained in his speech purpose and principle of his party. He become general secretary of the party.

Explanation

In the Election of 1967, Anna’s party got victory and Anna become the chief minister of Tamil Nadu in 1967. He introduced the scheme of 1kg rice for Rs1. Due to financial strain he was not able to promulgate this system all over Tamil Nadu. He also introduced Tamil Language Development scheme.

Explanation

In 1967, Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu announce first day of Tamil month chittirai as Tamil new year day.

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On 16th Anna announced that the national motto ‘Satyameva Jayate’ would hence forth appears as ‘Vaimaye vellum’.

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Anna was conferred Doctorate by which Annamalai university in 1968. He passed away on 3rd February 1969.

Explanation

Tamil Nadu was the forerunner in the transformation of society. In the great culture heritage of Tamil Nadu there are some black spots often found and removed. One such was Devdasi System. One of the important leader who fought vigorously against this system was Muthulakshmi Reddy.

Explanation

Muthulakshmi Reddy was the first women in India to get a degree in medicine.

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Dr. Muthulakshmi Reddy was born on 30th July, 1886 in Pudukottai. 

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In 1923 her sister died of cancer. On that day she took a vow to eradicate cancer. So, she started cancer relief hospital in 1949.

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The cancer institute at Adyar was started due to her goof efforts. Our first prime minister pandit Jawaharlal Nehru laid foundation for that institute.

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She was personally praised by Gandhiji for her active propaganda against Devadasi system. She was vehemently supported in her effort by Thiru. V. Kalyana Sundaranar and periyar. As a result, the Justice party government enacted a law abolishing Devadasi system.

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Appreciating Muthulakshmi Reddy role in agitation against Devadasi system she was nominated to the Tamil Nadu legislative council in 1929.

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In 1930, Muthulakshmi Reddy organized All India Women Conference at Pune. She was the president of Indian women Association from 1933 to 1947. 

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Dr. Muthulakshmi Reddy also started Avvai Illam an orphanage at Santhome in Madras. She through her dedicated and untiring work proved the world, hardwork never fails. She passed away at the age of 82 in 1968.

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Till 1940 the Tamil teachers had no due recognition in society. They were not paid equally like other teachers. So, Dr. Dharmambal started an agitation called Elavu varam.

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As a result of agitation by Dr. Dharmambal Educational minister Thiru. Avinasilingam Chettiar announced equal pay to Tamil teachers like other teachers.

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To make the student improve their knowledge in Tamil and to score good mark in Tamil Chennai Manavar Mandram. She was the president of this association for more than 10 years

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Appreciating Dharmambal service to Tamil language and literature she was conferred the title Veera Tamilannai.

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Dr. S. Dharmambal gave Ealisai Mannar title to M. K. Thiyaharaja Bagavathar. The great woman who sacrificed and dedicated her whole life for Tamil people, Tamil Literature and Tamil Language was died in 1959 at the age of 69.

Explanation

Moovalur Ramamirdham Ammaiyar was born in 1883 in Thiruvarur but was brought up in Moovalur, a village near Mayiladudurai. Hence, she was commonly known as Moovalur Ramamirdham Ammaiyar.

Explanation

Moovalur Ramamirdham Ammaiyar Joined the Indian National Congress and organized the conference at Mayiladudurai in 1925. This conference was attended by many great leaders like Thiru Vi. Ka, Periyar, S. Ramanathan and Mayuramani Chinnaiah pillai who raised slogan against cruel practice of Devadhasis. 

Explanation

After the conference at Mayiladudurai attended by many great leaders who raised slogan against cruel practice of Devadhasis, a bill was passed by government as” Dr Muthulakshmi Devadasi Abolition Act”.

Explanation

In Ramamirdham Ammaiyar memory, the government of Tamil Nadu has instituted “Moovalur Ramamirdham Ammaiyar Ninaivu Marriage Assistance scheme” a social welfare scheme to provide financial assistance to poor women. After seeing her dream became true. She passed away on 1962.

Explanation

Dr S. Dharmambal gave the Title “Periyar” to E. V. Ramasamy.

Explanation 

The widows were still forbidden from participating in auspicious and social functions, in spite of the fact that the window remarriage act was passed in 1856.